Email notifications have become an integral part of our systems. Common use cases include sending reports, notifying build success, system failure events, etc. This tutorial demonstrates a solution using Google Cloud Functions to send emails using Sendgrid.
Goals
A sender will provide the trigger a cloud function with params. The cloud function will make a call to Sendgrid which in turn will send emails to the receiver.
System
Setting up a Sendgrid account
You can Sign up for a Sendgrid Account to manage our details. It offers a generous free plan which is enough for our demo. Choose the create single sender option, in case you want to use your own domain the instructions can be found here.
Sender Identity Type
Creating a sender
You’ll receive an email for sender confirmation as configured, click on Verify Single Sender.
Sender Verification
Obtaining an API key
Sending emails via APIs is the recommended way for apps rather than SMTP. So, we’ll use the Web APIs which will be called by the SDKs. Let’s get the API Key for our account.
Choosing the Integration type
Choosing the language
Library function for Sendgrid
Let’s create a library that will enable us to send emails via Sendgrid. This way our code is decoupled and can be used by a simple library import.
Install the Sendgrid SDK via npm.
npm install --save @sendgrid/mail
Now let’s write a library that abstracts the SDK calls of Sendgrid.
function getMessage(to, from, subject, text, html) {
return {
to: to,
from: from,
subject: subject,
text: text,
html: html
}
}
module.exports = {
sgMail: null,
init: function (apiKey) {
this.sgMail = require('@sendgrid/mail');
this.sgMail.setApiKey(apiKey);
},
sendEmail: async function (to, from, subject, text, html) {
const sendgridMessage = getMessage(to, from, subject, text, html);
const response = await this.sgMail
.send(sendgridMessage)
.then(() => {
console.log('Email sent');
return { status: 200 };
})
.catch((error) => {
console.error(error);
return { status: 500, err: error };
});
return response;
}
}
Let’s test the lib code with our API Key.
let sendgridLib = require('../lib/sendgrid');
const API_KEY = '<YOUR-API-KEY>';
sendgridLib.init(API_KEY);
const resp = sendgridLib.sendEmail('smit.thakkar1@gmail.com',
'thefellowcoder@gmail.com',
'Test Email',
'Sample text',
'<p>yep, it works!<p>'
);
resp.then(data => console.log(data));
Great! now we have a working library code, let’s use it in our cloud function.
Cloud function
Let’s create a simple cloud function that uses this library and sends an email.
let sendgridLib = require('../lib/sendgrid');
const API_KEY = process.env.API_KEY;
exports.sendgridCF = async (req, res) => {
sendgridLib.init(API_KEY);
const resp = await sendgridLib.sendEmail('smit.thakkar1@gmail.com',
'thefellowcoder@gmail.com',
'Test Email',
'Sample text',
'<p>yep, it works!<p>'
);
console.log(resp);
if (resp.status == 200) {
res.send(`<h1>Email sent successfully</h1>`);
}
else {
console.error(resp.err);
res.send(`<h1>Failed to send message</h1>`);
}
};
Here, we have configured the API Key as an env variable, thus we need to make sure that it is available at runtime. Make sure that the lib code is also part of the deployment, else it will throw an error.
Sample command to deploy the cloud function
gcloud functions deploy sendgridDemo --trigger-http --entry-point=sendgridCF \
--region=us-central1 --runtime=nodejs10 --set-env-vars API_KEY='123'
Once deployed make sure to change the env variable value with the actual Sendgrid API Key.
Updating env variable
Testing
Visit the Cloud Function’s Testing tab to test the function. Just click on ‘TEST THE FUNCTION’ to trigger the function.
Testing the cloud function
Now let’s verify in our mailbox. Sometimes the email appears in spam, so be sure to check there if not received.
You may wonder why is ‘Sample Text’ not visible. It seems that ‘text’ is a fallback in the event the email client does not support HTML emails.
Thus we can send emails programmatically in a serverless way. Note that because we worked in a library structure, we can extend this and have a similar setup for AWS Lambda.
All the code samples can be found in our git repository.
Hope you found this tutorial helpful.
Let me know your thoughts in the comment section below.
